Quellen

Im Folgenden sind die verschiedenen wissenschaftlichen Quellen gelistet, die zur Berechnung des CO2 Fußabdrucks herangezogen wurden. 

1. A google search; 5 minutes browsing smartphone 

Auszug aus: Berners-Lee, Mike (2022). “The Carbon Footprint of Everything” (2. Aufl.). Greystone Books.  

„These estimates include the emissions embodied in the device, the electricity used to run it (assuming US electricity), and electricity use in the networks, data centers, and by the Wi-Fi router. They are based on an iPhone 11 with 128 GB that is kept for two years (see Using a smartphone, p. 126) and a 13-inch MacBook Pro with 128 GB storage that is kept for four years (see A computer (and using it), p. 140) that are connected to Wi-Fi. Doing a search over mobile networks has a lower footprint, because it does not require a Wi-Fi router; it comes to 0.11 g CO2e per minute for the internet, compared to 0.6 g CO2e per minute for Wi-Fi. For the spam email, I’m assuming that it’s sent to so many people that the footprint of the device it’s written on is negligible and that nobody reads them, so it’s just the footprint of the transmission, assuming it takes 5 seconds in networks and data centers to transmit the email.“ 

Weiterführende Literatur zum Thema: 

• „Hölzle, U. (2009), “Powering a Google search,” 11 January, https://tinyurl.com/powering-google (https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/01/powering-google-search.html). Google used an electricity intensity of 0.67 kg CO2e per kWh back in 2009; today, global average electricity has decarbonized a bit to 0.63 kg CO2e per kWh, so the footprint of one search has decreased from 0.2 g to 0.19 g—not much. But, if we assume Google’s data centers are twice as efficient today as they were in 2009, the footprint at Google’s end is just 0.09 g. 

• 10 According to the website Internet Live Stats, https://tinyurl.com/google-search-stats.“ 

1. Kontakt per Email ø 5 Emails 

Auszug aus: Berners-Lee, Mike (2022). “The Carbon Footprint of Everything” (2. Aufl.). Greystone Books.  

0.05 g CO2e spam email picked up by your filters 

0.2 g CO2e short email going from phone to phone 

0.4 g CO2e short email sent from laptop to laptop 

17 g CO2e long email that takes 10 minutes to write and 3 minutes to read, sent from laptop to laptop 

29 g CO2e an email that takes you 10 minutes to write, sent to 100 people, 99 of whom take 3 seconds to realize they should ignore it and one of whom reads it.4” 

1. A google search; 5 minutes browsing smartphone 

Auszug aus: Berners-Lee, Mike (2022). “The Carbon Footprint of Everything” (2. Aufl.). Greystone Books.  

„These estimates include the emissions embodied in the device, the electricity used to run it (assuming US electricity), and electricity use in the networks, data centers, and by the Wi-Fi router. They are based on an iPhone 11 with 128 GB that is kept for two years (see Using a smartphone, p. 126) and a 13-inch MacBook Pro with 128 GB storage that is kept for four years (see A computer (and using it), p. 140) that are connected to Wi-Fi. Doing a search over mobile networks has a lower footprint, because it does not require a Wi-Fi router; it comes to 0.11 g CO2e per minute for the internet, compared to 0.6 g CO2e per minute for Wi-Fi. For the spam email, I’m assuming that it’s sent to so many people that the footprint of the device it’s written on is negligible and that nobody reads them, so it’s just the footprint of the transmission, assuming it takes 5 seconds in networks and data centers to transmit the email.“ 

Weiterführende Literatur zum Thema: 

• „Hölzle, U. (2009), “Powering a Google search,” 11 January, https://tinyurl.com/powering-google (https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/01/powering-google-search.html). Google used an electricity intensity of 0.67 kg CO2e per kWh back in 2009; today, global average electricity has decarbonized a bit to 0.63 kg CO2e per kWh, so the footprint of one search has decreased from 0.2 g to 0.19 g—not much. But, if we assume Google’s data centers are twice as efficient today as they were in 2009, the footprint at Google’s end is just 0.09 g. 

• 10 According to the website Internet Live Stats, https://tinyurl.com/google-search-stats.“ 

1. Pauschaler Verbrauch von einem Arbeitstag 

Erichsen, Cornelia (2020): Angaben der Beschäftigungsstatistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) zu Pendlern aus 2019, Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA), [online] https://t3n.de/magazin/inklusion-im-internet-so-werden-249553/ [abgerufen am 05.11.2020]. 

Reise: Arbeitsweg ø 32 km*700g=22,5KG  

Angaben der Beschäftigungsstatistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) zu Pendlern aus 2019; 

Aufenthalt am Arbeitsplatz= 6kg (average day gas boiler use, gas-boiler-emits-more-annual-co2))= 28,5KG x 2 Kunde und wir; 57KG * 20% Anteil von einem einzelnen Event.